ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Surface functionalization enhances the properties and characteristics of polymeric nanocapsules (NCs) mainly due to the surface charge, surfactants, and polymer coating type. Curcumin (CUR) is a bioactive compound with several proven pharmacological properties and low bioavailability. This study aimed to develop anionic (poly-É-caprolactone; PCL) and cationic (Eudragit® RS100 (EUD)) NCs prepared with sorbitan monostearate (Span 60®) or sorbitan monooleate (Span 80®), coated with d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) and optimized using 23 factorial analysis. Subsequently, the biological activity was evaluated. METHODS: A two-level, three-factor design (polymer, Span type, and TPGS concentration) was used. The biological effects of CUR-loaded TPGS-coated cationic and anionic NCs were assessed in apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior in rats. RESULTS: The type of polymer (anionic or cationic) and Span® had a factorial influence on the physical and chemical characteristics of NCs according to the changes in TPGS concentrations. Both cationic and anionic CUR-NCs could block apomorphine-induced behavioral changes. CONCLUSIONS: The CUR-loaded TPGS-coated NCs proved to be a promising brain delivery system.
Subject(s)
Apomorphine/pharmacology , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Curcumin/pharmacology , Nanocapsules/chemistry , Stereotyped Behavior/drug effects , Animals , Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors , Hexoses/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Rats , Treatment Outcome , Vitamin E/pharmacologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: In Brazil, the right to health has a constitutional and universal provision. However, the judicial route has been widely used to access health goods and services. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the lawsuits of medicines filed by citizens of a Brazilian municipality. METHODS: Quantitative and retrospective study evaluating 652 lawsuits filed in 2016 conducted in Uruguaiana, state of Rio Grande do Sul. The information was made available by the State Department of Health. RESULTS: 55.5% of lawsuits filed were related to drugs provided by the public health system Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). 44.5% did not fit into the guidelines of the Brazilian Policy for Pharmaceutical Services. Most of the lawsuits were filed by women over 60 years old. Regarding the therapeutic classification, the most requested drugs were for the nervous system. The most described pathological condition according to the ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases) was Diabetes Mellitus. CONCLUSION: These data corroborate the situation found in other parts of the country, demonstrating the need to reorganize the Pharmaceutical Service Policy to ensure universal and equitable access to medicines, as described in the Federal Constitution.
INTRODUÇÃO: No Brasil, o direito à saúde tem previsão constitucional e universal. No entanto, a via judicial tem sido muito usada para acessar bens e serviços de saúde. OBJETIVO: Analisar as demandas judiciais de medicamentos movidas por cidadãos de um município brasileiro. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo e retrospectivo que avaliou 652 ações judiciais no ano de 2016 em Uruguaiana, estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As informações foram disponibilizadas pela Secretaria de Saúde estadual. RESULTADOS: 55,5% das demandas estavam relacionados a medicamentos fornecidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). 44,5% não se enquadravam em nenhum dos componentes da Política Nacional de Assistência Farmacêutica do Brasil. A maioria dos processos foram movidos por mulheres acima de 60 anos. Em relação à classificação terapêutica, os medicamentos mais solicitados foram para o Sistema Nervoso. A condição patológica mais descrita, segundo o CID-10 (Classificação Internacional de Doenças) foi Diabetes Mellitus. CONCLUSÃO: Tais dados corroboram com a situação encontrada em outras partes do país, demonstrando a necessidade de reorganização da Assistência Farmacêutica para garantir o acesso universal e equitativo aos medicamentos, conforme descrito na Constituição Federal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Judicial Decisions , Health's Judicialization , Pharmaceutical Services , Comprehensive Health CareABSTRACT
This study was designed to examine fetal and maternal toxicity of curcumin (CURC) loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (LNC) prepared with poly(ϵ-caprolactone) as a polymer, administered during the organogenesis period. Free CURC and CURC loaded-LNC (C-LNC) (2 mg/kg), blank LNC (B-LNC) and saline (CONTROL) were administered per oral route from the 7° to 13° gestational day (GD). Dams were evaluated daily for body weight gain, clinical signs, water and food intake. On 20° GD, dams were euthanized, organs were weighed and blood was collected for biochemical determinations. Fetal biometrics and external morphological anomalies were assessed. Also, were performed histopathological analysis of placenta and measurement of cytokines levels in placental and fetal liver tissues. All groups did not cause changes in dams during the pregnancy. Furthermore, treatments did not cause external morphological changes and delayed fetal development. Still, for histopathological analysis of placental tissue, treatments did not cause alterations in evaluated parameters. For cytokines levels, CURC and C-LNC caused a decrease in placental levels of TNF-α. Therefore, we have demonstrated that C-LNC did not cause toxicological effects (mother and fetus), in the same manner as pattern bioactive compound, proving to be a promising nutraceutical delivery system for maternal supplementation with CURC.
